In 1912 he visited the Sonderbund exhibition in Cologne, where works by Pablo Picasso and post-Impressionists such as Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin profoundly influenced his approach to art. In 1911 Ernst befriended August Macke and joined his Die Rheinischen Expressionisten group of artists, deciding to become an artist. He visited asylums and became fascinated with the art of the mentally ill patients he also started painting that year, producing sketches in the garden of the Brühl castle, and portraits of his sister and himself. In 1909 Ernst enrolled in the University of Bonn, studying philosophy, art history, literature, psychology and psychiatry. He inspired in Max a penchant for defying authority, while his interest in painting and sketching in nature influenced Max to take up painting himself. His father Philipp was a teacher of the deaf and an amateur painter, a devout Christian and a strict disciplinarian. Max Ernst was born in Brühl, near Cologne, the third of nine children of a middle-class Catholic family.
A prolific artist, Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and Surrealism. Max Ernst (2 April 1891 – 1 April 1976) was a German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet.
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